“MARC
is a generic term applied to the universe
to MARC formats”
MARC was first developed
by Henriette Avram
Evolution:
1st
conference on MARC by Library of Congress
2nd
conference on MARC by Library of Congress (1965)
LC
get a grand from CLR(Council of Library Resources) in 1965 to conduct a pilot
project on MARC
3rd
conference on MARC by LC in 1966. Official opening of the pilot project.
Pilot
project was known as “MARC I”.
MARC I format
restricted to books only.
MARC I format
entirely based on LC catalogue card
So,
BNB (with active participation with LC) makes some operational changes to make
it interchangeable format. As a result MARC
II was developed(1968)
MARC II – capable for
all forms of library material like books, monographs, serial, map, music etc.
MARC II was split
into two formats
a. BNB MARC (Later UK MARC)
b. US MARC
US MARC becomes US
national standard in 1971 (ANSI Z39.2)
& international
standard in 1973 (ISO 2709)
MARC
II influenced the other countries to develop their own standard format which
followed the same structure but the tags were slightly different.
As
a result, certain amount of incompatibility exists among different countries
To
solve this problem, IFLA launched UNIMARC........ but eventually it failed.
Structure of MARC tapes
LEADER
o
Provides information about total length of
record & type of record
o
It is 24 characters (00-23) long
RECORD DIRECTORY
o
It shows what variable fields are in the record
and what their locations in the record are.
o
It is of 12 characters long
VARIABLE FIELD
o
Two types : 1)variable control field (001-009)
2) variable data field
UNIMARC
*by
IFLA
*1st
version of UNIMARC (1977) is only for monographs & serial
*UNIMARC
follows the ISO communication format ISO-2709 (1981)
No comments:
Post a Comment